A divorced janitor–a 27-year employee and the mother of a 17-year old son with the mental capacity of an 18-month old–fails to report for mandatory overtime one Saturday when her son’s caregiver could not work because of a sick child. The janitor calls twice and leaves a message for her manager. She gets fired.
As I read about this woman in Reshaping the Work-Family Debate: Why Men and Class Matter by Joan Williams, I wondered what this mother’s take would be on Jonah Goldberg’s proclamation in the Los Angeles Times this spring that “Feminism as a ‘movement’ in America is largely played out. The work here is mostly done.” In his piece, titled “Taking Feminism Overseas” Goldberg went on to declare that
Even the fight for ‘pay equity’ is an argument about statistics, lagging cultural indicators and the actual choices liberated women make—to take time away from paid jobs to raise their kids (never-married women without kids earn more than men) or to work in occupations like the nonprofit sector that pay less.
The only reason Goldberg and others can make this “choices” claim with a straight face is because the bias against women is no longer as overt as it once was– no more separate salary schedules for men and women. Much of the bias has gone underground, way underground, into our subconscious and into the unquestioned structure of our workplaces around the way men have typically worked in the past. Jobs are designed for a man who has a wife to care for family; they entail 50-hour workweeks, mandatory overtime, inflexible schedules that can change at the last minute and little or no sick time.
When mothers, who do still shoulder most of the responsibility for family care, find it impossible to fit this mold, the resulting stories don’t sound much like “choices liberated women make.” They sound like discrimination. In fact, Williams and her colleagues at the Center for WorkLife Law (WLL) have documented a 400 percent increase in lawsuits involving family responsibilities discrimination “showing how mothers and other caregivers often are pushed out of jobs they want – and need.”
Multiple[PDF] studies demonstrate that motherhood in particular triggers automatic bias that has a direct impact on pay and promotions. In one study, people given identical resumes that differed only in that one listed membership in the PTA and the other didn’t, the mothers were 79 percent less likely to be hired and 100 percent less likely to be promoted and offered $11,000 less in salary. In another study, people rated businesswomen as highly competent, yet they rated the competence of housewives as comparable to the elderly, blind, “retarded” and disabled. Bias like this is harder to see, unintentional and far easier to dismiss as a result of mothers’ “choices”–a tactic that for all its seeming benevolence undermines women’s economic rights.
Legislation such as the Paycheck Fairness Act are important not only as punitive measures for those individuals or organizations that may consciously discriminate against women: It also serves to motivate organizations to create systems for hiring, evaluating and scheduling employees that control for the automatic bias that negatively impacts women and their pay.
The upcoming 2012 elections offer an opportunity to remind everyone that, even though an arbitrator reinstated this particular janitor, the work here in the U.S. to achieve pay equity and broader economic equality for women is far from done.
Photo of working mom by Flickr user Rankun76 under Creative Commons 2.0
This blog is part of the #HERvotes blog carnival!
Kristin Maschka is author of the Los Angeles Times bestseller, This is Not How I Thought It Would Be: Remodeling Motherhood to Get the Lives We Want Today.
